Every building and structure must be designed to resist the ultimate strength
loads and allow for thermal expansion and contraction of structural
components. Spanning nearly half the circumference of the Earth in the
east-west direction, Russia constitutes more than one-ninth of the world’s
land area. Its climate ranges from the arid steppes in the south to the tundra
in the Arctic north. Use these contour maps for historical weather data such
as air temperature, wind pressure,
and snow/ice build-ups.
Use these maps to determine the earthquake magnitude scale for your
construction site in Russia.
The Russian Federation and other ex-Soviet countries use the International
System of Units (SI). These charts should help you accurately convert between the metric units and their
English-system equivalents. The charts include
conversion factors for such units as angle, area, density, fluid capacity,
flow, force per unit length, heat transfer, illuminance, length, luminance,
mass (weight), moment of force, pressure, stress, speed, temperature, thermal
conductivity, volume, work, energy, and heat.
Environmental Loads
